Reviews the relationship between personality and breast cancer screening behaviors. In general, investigators of breast cancer screening have not utilized personality constructs to explain their findings or to suggest new intervention strategies. Because the literature is limited, data from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study are presented showing the associations between personality measured by the NEO Personality Inventory and mammography and breast self-examination. Preliminary analyses suggest that there were more personality associations with breast self-examination than with mammography and that the psychological picture differed for each screening behavior.